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'IMPROVING PRACTICE' - The 2002 Review of the Practices and Procedure of the High Court of Justiciary by the Honourable Lord Bonomy

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Footnotes

  1. Scottish Parliament - Official Report, 24 October 2001, Col. 3232.
  2. The Report of an Inquiry into Crown Decision-Making in the Case of the Murder of Surjit Singh Chhokar, The Rt. Hon. Sir Anthony Campbell, SP Paper 425, October 2001 ("The Campbell Report") and Report Of The Inquiry Into The Liaison Arrangements Between The Police, The Procurator Fiscal Service And The Crown Office And The Family Of The Deceased Surjit Singh Chhokar In Connection With The Murder Of Surjit Singh Chhokar And The Related Prosecutions by Dr Raj Jandoo, Advocate, SP Paper 424, October 2001 ("The Jandoo Report").
  3. HM Advocate v Coulter, High Court of Justiciary, 2 March 1999; HM Advocate v Montgomery & Coulter, High Court of Justiciary, 10 November 2000.
  4. The Campbell Report.
  5. See Note 1.
  6. Criminal Procedure in Scotland: Second Report, Cmnd. 6218, 1975 ("The Thomson Committee Report").
  7. Review of Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service systems for the processing, preparation and prosecution of High Court Cases, June 2002 ("C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002").
  8. Manchester Crown Court, Minshull Street; Manchester Crown Court, Crown Square; Central Criminal Court, London; Woodgreen Crown Court, London.
  9. Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (c.46), s.5 ("The 1995 Act"); see Police (Scotland) Act 1967 (c.77), s.41 where 9 months imprisonment can be imposed and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c.38), s.5 where 12 months can be imposed; see also Renton & Brown’s Criminal Procedure 6th Edition ("Renton & Brown") paras.1-08 to 1-09.
  10. Hume’s Commentaries on the Law of Scotland Respecting Crimes ("Hume") Vol.ii.118 and Renton & Brown, para. 3-02.
  11. Scotland Act 1998 (c.46), s.27(3); see also Renton & Brown, para.3-02/1.
  12. Renton & Brown, paras.3-02 and 3-04. See also Macdonald, A Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law of Scotland ("Macdonald") 5th Ed. 212.
  13. The 1995 Act, s.138.
  14. The 1995 Act, s.64(4).
  15. For a description of the role of Crown Counsel, see Renton & Brown, paras.3-01 and 3-03.
  16. See Renton & Brown, paras.3-03 and 3-04 and the Crown Office Prosecution Code May 2001.
  17. The 1995 Act, s.64.
  18. The 1995 Act, s.7(3); Renton & Brown, para.2-27.
  19. The 1995 Act, s.3(6) and s.5; Renton & Brown, para. 2-13.
  20. The 1995 Act, s.3(2).
  21. Renton & Brown, para.3-06.
  22. Courts Act 1672 (c.40); see also the Laws of Scotland, Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia, Vol. 6, ‘Courts and Competency’, para. 858 ("Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia").
  23. The 1995 Act, s.301; see also Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia, Vol. 13, Legal Profession, para.1180.
  24. The 1995 Act, s.175(2).
  25. The 1995 Act, s.1(2).
  26. Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1887 (c.35), s.44.
  27. Courts Act 1672.
  28. Court of Session Act 1830 (c.69), s.18.
  29. Court of Session Act 1808 (c.151), s.2.
  30. Justiciary (Scotland) Act 1868 (c.95), s.1.
  31. Criminal Appeal (Scotland) Act 1926 (c.15), s.1.
  32. Justiciary (Scotland) Act 1868, s.1 and Criminal Appeal (Scotland) Act 1926, s.12.
  33. The 1995 Act, s.1(5).
  34. Scotland Act 1998, s.1.
  35. Scotland Act 1998, s.57(2).
  36. Scotland Act 1998, Sched.6, para.13(9). Follen v HM Advocate, 2001 S.C.(P.C.)105; 2001 S.L.T.774; 2001 S.C.C.R.255.
  37. High Court of Justiciary (Proceedings in the Netherlands) (United Nations) Order 1998 (S.I.1998 No.2251), Art. 5(1).
  38. See Administration of Justice Act 1968 (c.5), s.1(1)(c) (increasing the maximum number of Judges to 19). In terms of the Court of Session Act 1988 (c.36), s.1 and the Maximum Number of Judges (Scotland) Order 1999, the maximum number is now 32.
  39. See Appendix A.
  40. Appendix C, Table 1.
  41. ibid.
  42. Appendix C, Table 2.
  43. The 1995 Act, s.80(1).
  44. Appendix C, Table 3.
  45. Appendix C, Table 4.
  46. Appendix C, Table 1.
  47. Criminal Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees) Regulations 1989 (S.I.1989 No. 1491) as amended; see also Parliament House Book G818 et seq. ("PHB").
  48. Appendix C, Table 5.
  49. Act of Adjournal (Criminal Procedure) Rules 1996 (S.I.1996 No.513 (S.47)), rule 3.1; and see Greens Encyclopaedia of the Laws of Scotland, Vol.8, para.1496 et seq.
  50. Appendix C, Table 6.
  51. ibid.
  52. ibid.
  53. Appendix C, Tables 7.2 and 7.3.
  54. The 1995 Act, s.34; see also Renton & Brown, paras.12-04 and 12-05.
  55. See Renton & Brown, para.12-34.
  56. The 1995 Act, s.65(4).
  57. Criminal Procedure Act 1701 (c.6); see also Herron v A.B.C. & D., 1977 S.L.T.(Sh.Ct.) 24.
  58. The 1995 Act, s.65(4).
  59. The 1995 Act, s.65(1).
  60. Renton & Brown, paras.12-05 to 12-09.
  61. The 1995 Act, s.35; See also Renton & Brown, paras.12-10 to 12-28.
  62. The 1995 Act, s.36(6)(b).
  63. The 1995 Act, s.72.
  64. The 1995 Act, s.66(6)(b).
  65. See Renton & Brown, paras.3-07 and 13-02 to 13-10 generally for a description of prosecution practice.
  66. The 1995 Act, s.67; See also Renton & Brown, paras.14-20 to 14-21.
  67. Appendix C, Tables 8.1 and 8.2.
  68. The 1995 Act, s.65(1).
  69. C.O.P.F.S. Review, 2002, Ch.2.
  70. C.O.P.F.S. Review, 2002, paras. 4.86 to 5.33.
  71. The 1995 Act, s.78(1)(a); see also Renton & Brown, paras. 17-08 to 17-11.
  72. The 1995 Act, s.72(6)(a).
  73. The 1995 Act, s.72(6)(b).
  74. The 1995 Act, s.2.
  75. Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia, Vol.13, para.1180.
  76. The 1995 Act, s.301.
  77. Appendix C, Tables 7.2 and 7.3.
  78. Para.5.30 infra; Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 1986, Part IV, PHB G31; Criminal Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees) Regulations 1989 (S.1 1989 No. 1491) Regulations 9, 10 and 11; Schedule 2 (Fees of Counsel) paras. 2 and 3. See High Court of Justiciary Fees Order 1984 (S.I.1984 No.252) as amended; see also High Court of Justiciary Fees Amendment Order 1999 (S.I.1999 No.753) and PHB G818 et seq.
  79. See PHB G818 et seq.
  80. Criminal Legal Aid (Scotland) Regulations 1996 (S.I.1996 No. 2555), Regulation 14(1); PHB G834 et seq.
  81. Criminal Legal Aid (Scotland) Regulations 1996, Regulation 8(1)b.
  82. Criminal Legal Aid (Scotland) Fees Amendment Regulations 2002 (SSI 2002 No.246).
  83. Scottish Legal Aid Board Annual Report, Delivering our Objectives, 2001/2002.
  84. For an example of this in response to the Lord Justice General’s Memorandum of Feb.2002 see The Recorder, Issue 34, March 2002, page 6.
  85. Anderson v HM Advocate 1996 J.C.29; 1996 S.L.T.155; 1996 S.C.C.R.487.
  86. Hemphill v HM Advocate 2001 S.C.C.R.361; E v HM Advocate 2002 S.C.C.R.341 and Winter v HM Advocate 2002 S.C.C.R.720.
  87. The 1995 Act, s.67.
  88. The 1995 Act, s.66(6)(b).
  89. Renton & Brown, paras.3-06 and 3-07.
  90. Crown Office Circulars 33/98 and 24/99.
  91. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002, paras. 4.16 to 4.85.
  92. The Campbell Report.
  93. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002, para.4.63.
  94. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002, paras.4.66 to 4.69.
  95. See Renton & Brown’s, Criminal Procedure Legislation, Vol.II, High Court of Justiciary, Practice Notes C1.01 — C1.17; Renton & Brown Appendices B and C, pp.722-744.
  96. See Renton & Brown’s, Criminal Procedure Legislation, Vol.II, High Court of Justiciary, Practice Note C1.17.
  97. Appendix C, Table 9.
  98. The 1995 Act, s.71; Renton & Brown, paras.17-02 to 17-07.
  99. Appendix D.
  100. The 1995 Act, s.76; Renton & Brown, paras.16-01 to 16-07.
  101. Duff and McCallum ‘The Impact of Intermediate and First Diets’ 2000 S.L.T. (News) 181.
  102. The 1995 Act, s.72; see also Renton & Brown, paras.17-08 to 17-11.
  103. The 1995 Act, s.73.
  104. Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 (c.21), s.75.
  105. Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 (c. 62), s.12 & Schedule 4.
  106. The 1995 Act, s.71; Renton & Brown, para.17-10.
  107. Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975, s.105.
  108. Renton & Brown, para.13-11.
  109. Renton & Brown, para.13-04.
  110. C.O.P.F.S. Review, 2002.
  111. A view endorsed by the Audit Commission in their report published in June 2002, (Route to Justice).
  112. In Strawhorn v McLeod 1987 S.C.C.R.413, the practice had been disapproved of by the Criminal Appeal Court. However, in the debate in the House of Lords on the clause in the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Bill 1995, from which section 196(1) is derived, the view was expressed by inter alios one serving judge (Lord McCluskey) that the enactment was unnecessary since judges routinely took into account the stage at which a guilty plea was tendered — Hansard, Criminal Justice (Scotland) Bill [H.L.] 16 January 1995, pp.457-472 and 6 February 1995, p.51.
  113. See Docherty v McGlennan 1998 G.W.D. 4-176; Gardiner v HM Advocate 1999 G.W.D. 16-763.
  114. See Docherty v McGlennan above; Tennie v Munro 1999 S.C.C.R.70.
  115. Archbold, Criminal Pleading Evidence and Practice 2002, paras.5.153-5.156. There are similar practices in other common law jurisdictions. The actual discount applied varies according to the circumstances of the case, and it is widely recognised that particular features, such as also giving evidence against a co-accused, may lead to the discount being increased beyond the parameters indicated, and other features, such as the need to protect the public, may result in no discount being applied.
  116. Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 (c.6), s.152; Thomas Current Sentencing Protocol Part A8; Archbold, Criminal Pleading Evidence and Practice 2002 (see Note 115, supra).
  117. For problems associated with this see Rossellini v Vannet 1997 S.C.C.R.655.
  118. Government White Paper - Justice for All: Responses to the Auld and Halliday Reports, Recommendations 186 to 193.
  119. See Nicholson, Sentencing Law and Practice in Scotland, 2nd Edition, paras. 9.35 and 9.36.
  120. See Khaliq v HM Advocate 1984 S.C.C.R. 212 for an example of this.
  121. The 1995 Act, s.205.
  122. The 1995 Act, s.205B.
  123. For examples of the English approach to mandatory consideration of an early plea, see R v Buffrey (1993) 14 Cr.Ap.R.(S) 511; R v Surina Court of Appeal (Crim Div) 20 November 2000; R v Landy (1995) 16 Cr.App.R. (S) 908; R v March [2002] 1 Cr.App.R. (S) 24.
  124. The 1995 Act, s.71.
  125. The 1995 Act, s.73(3)(a).
  126. The 1995 Act, s.73(3)(b).
  127. The Thomson Committee Report, paras.30.05 and 37.16.
  128. ibid at Recommendation 94.
  129. Renton & Brown, para. 24-01.
  130. The 1995 Act, s.258(2) and (3).
  131. The 1995 Act, s.258(3).
  132. The 1995 Act, s.257.
  133. The 1995 Act, s.78.
  134. The 1995 Act, ss.72(3), (4) and (6).
  135. Balloch v HM Advocate 1977 J.C.23; HM Advocate v Whitelaw 1980 S.L.T.(Notes) 25.
  136. Thomson v Crowe 2000 J.C. 173; 1999 S.L.T. 1434.
  137. Lord Osborne in HM Advocate v Mowat 2001 S.C.C.R.242 at 253, para.44 and Lord McEwan in HM Advocate v Jenkinson 2002 S.C.C.R.43 at 53; see also the commentary by Sir Gerald Gordon.HHM
  138. HM Advocate v Mowat supra, at 254, para.45.
  139. Paton v Ritchie 2000 S.C.C.R.151.
  140. Herd v HM Advocate 1999 S.C.C.R.315.
  141. The 1995 Act, s.74(2).
  142. The 1995 Act, s.65(4(b).
  143. Criminal Procedure Act 1701.
  144. Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1887, s.43.
  145. Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980 (c.62), s.14.
  146. The 1995 Act, s.65(4); See also Renton & Brown, para.14-04.
  147. Appendix C, Table 10.
  148. Appendix C, Table 10.
  149. Appendix C, Table 9.
  150. Appendix C, Tables 7.2 and 7.3.
  151. The 1995 Act, s.66(6)(b).
  152. Appendix C, Table 10.
  153. The 1995 Act, s.65(1).
  154. Appendix C, Table 11.
  155. The 1995 Act, s.65(3).
  156. The 1995 Act, s.65(5).
  157. The 1995 Act, s.65(7).
  158. The 1995 Act, s.65(3).
  159. The 1995 Act, s.65(1) and s.65(4)(a).
  160. The 1995 Act, s.65(5).
  161. The 1995 Act, s.65(4).
  162. The 1995 Act, s.3(1) and (2).
  163. Renton & Brown, paras.1-22 to 1-44; see The 1995 Act, s.11.
  164. Courts Act 1672, Art.5.
  165. See Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987 s.57(1) and (2) (amending s.112(1) and s.114 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 respectively so as to remove reference to circuit courts and the need each year for the High Court to fix and determine, by Act of Adjournal, the number of circuit courts to be held and the places at which the courts were to sit).
  166. See Renton & Brown’s Criminal Procedure (2nd ed. 1928) pp.7-8; Macdonald, p.194.
  167. Act of Adjournal (Circuits) (Amendments) 1981 (S.I.1981 No.948), para.2.
  168. See, e.g. HM Advocate v Hunter 1989 S.L.T.113.
  169. e.g. Sitting of November 2001 which had 22 cases.
  170. HM Advocate v Kennedy and Johnston.
  171. The 1995 Act, s.2(3).
  172. The 1995 Act, s.209.
  173. The 1995 Act, s.85(4).
  174. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002, paras.4.70 to 4.85.
  175. See Chapter 16 infra.
  176. The 1995 Act, s.81(1).
  177. For the English approach to this see R v Jones [2001] 2 All.E.R.113; 2002 U.K.[H.L.]; and the article by Peter Thornton, Q.C., ‘Defendant can be tried in his Absence’, All England Legal Opinion, Issue 19, June 2002: See also The Criminal Law Review, July 2002 ‘Trial in Absence and Waiver of Human Rights’, P.W. Ferguson, Advocate.
  178. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002, paras.4.70 to 4.85.
  179. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002, paras.4.22 to 4.29.
  180. Appendix C, Table 12.
  181. Appointed in terms of Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 (c.40), s.35 and Sched.4.
  182. Appointed in terms of Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1971 (c.58), s.11A as inserted by Bail, Judicial Appointments etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 asp 9, s.7.
  183. The Thomson Committee Report, para.13.09.
  184. Renton & Brown, paras.3-01 and 3-03.
  185. The 1995 Act, s.195.
  186. The Official Secrets Acts 1911 (c.28) and 1920 (c.75).
  187. Geneva Convention Act 1957(c.52), s.1(1) as substituted by the International Criminal Court Act 2001 (c.17), s.70.
  188. Hume, Vol. ii.58.
  189. Macdonald, p. 17.
  190. Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1948 (c.94), s.16.
  191. Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987, s.58(3).
  192. The Thomson Committee Report, paras.13.12 and 13.13.
  193. The Thomson Committee Report, para.13.14.
  194. The Sheriff Court; the Rt Hon Lord Grant, T.D., Cmnd.3248, para.214.
  195. Report of the Review Body on Use of Judicial Time in the Superior Courts in Scotland, The Hon. Lord Maxwell, Scottish Courts Administration 1986, paras.8.17 and 8.19, Rec. 2.55 ("The Maxwell Report").
  196. The Maxwell Report, p.132, para.8.19.
  197. Appendix C, Table 13.
  198. Appendix C, Table 13.
  199. Appendix C, Table 14.
  200. Appendix C, Table 14.
  201. Improving the Delivery of Justice in Scotland 1993, Sentencing and Appeals, paras. 3.29 to 3.31.
  202. Crime and Punishment, 1996, Cm 3302, para.8.17.
  203. Source: Justiciary Office Records.
  204. The 1995 Act, s.197.
  205. See Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1971, s.11 and the issues raised in Starrs v Ruxton, Ruxton v Starrs 2000 J.C.208; 2000 S.L.T.42; 1999 S.C.C.R. 1052.
  206. Prisoners and Criminal Proceedings (Scotland) Act 1993 (c.9), s.42(1), now s.108(1) of The 1995 Act.
  207. The 1995 Act, s.118(4)(b).
  208. Appendix C, Table 14.
  209. Prisoners and Criminal Proceedings (Scotland) Act 1993, s.1(1).
  210. Parole and Related Issues in Scotland, March 1989, The Hon. Lord Kincraig, Cm.598.
  211. Appendix C, Table 13.
  212. The 1995 Act, s.195.
  213. Review of the Criminal Courts of England and Wales, The Rt Hon Lord Justice Auld, October 2001, p.399.
  214. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002.
  215. Criminal Legal Aid (Scotland) (Fees) Regulations 1989 (S.I.1989 No. 1491) as amended; see also Parliament House Book G818 et seq ("PHB").
  216. See Scottish Legal Aid Board Annual Report, ‘Delivering our Objectives’, 2001/02 p.26, Appendix 4, Tables 4(xii) and 4(xiii).
  217. See para. 5.33 supra.
  218. Justice One Committee, 8th Report 2001, Report on Legal Aid Inquiry, SP 437, p.19, paras. 85 to 93.
  219. The 1995 Act, s.301.
  220. See Judicial Appointments: An Inclusive Approach: Scottish Government, Consultation Paper, March 2000; see also 2001 S.L.T. (News) 101.
  221. Starting Time of the High Court of Justiciary, Lord Justice General (Rodger of Earlsferry), 20 January 2000, Renton & Brown’s Criminal Procedure Legislation, Vol.II, Notices C1.17.
  222. The 1995 Act, s.201.
  223. The 1995 Act, s.201(3)(a).
  224. The 1995 Act, s.201(3)(b).
  225. Source: Justiciary Office Records 1996 and 2001.
  226. ibid.
  227. Appendix C, Table 16.
  228. The 1995 Act, s.24(4), as amended by the Bail, Judicial Appointments etc. (Scotland) Act 2000.
  229. C.O.P.F.S. Review 2002.
  230. The 1995 Act, ss.66(9) and 307.
  231. The 1995 Act, s.140(3).
  232. The Thomson Committee Report, para.14-06.
  233. Normally dealt with by a common law application to a sheriff for a warrant to search for and arrest.
  234. The 1995 Act, s.156.
  235. Appendix E.
  236. For research on the same point in summary intermediate diets, see Adjournments of Summary Criminal Cases in the Sheriff Courts, F. Leverick and P. Duff, Scottish Government Central Research Unit, 2001, Chapter 11; see also P. Duff and F. McCallum ‘The Impact of Intermediate and First Diets’, 2000 S.L.T.(News) 181.
  237. Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1980, Sched.1, Pt III, as amended by the Criminal Justice Act 1993 (c.36), Sched.7.
  238. Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1980 s.1(5).
  239. Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1980 s.1(5) and 1(6).
  240. e.g. PETAL (People Experiencing Trauma and Loss) and Families of Murdered Children.
  241. See Joint Statement on Crown Witnesses: Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service and Scottish Court Service Joint Statement.
  242. HM Advocate v Megrahi and Fhimah, The High Court of Justiciary, 3 May 2000.
  243. The 1995 Act, s.92(3).
  244. The 1995 Act, s.271(12).
  245. The 1995 Act, s.271(6).
  246. The 1995 Act, s.271 (5).
  247. The 1995 Act, s.271(1) and (2).
  248. Petition to the Nobile Officium, O’Neill, Petr. (Abandoned 4 October 2002).
  249. e.g. HM Advocate v Smith 2000 S.C.C.R.910.
  250. Consultation Document, Child Witness Support, Issued October 2002.
  251. Disability Rights Commission Act 1999 (c.17), s.1.
  252. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (c.50).
  253. Instruction of Interpreters for Criminal Court Diets, Jan. 2002.
  254. Scotland Act 1998, s.98 and Schedule 6, Part II, Art.13.
  255. Scotland Act 1998, s.48. As a result of the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General becoming Law Officers with the Scottish Government, a new office was required to be created to meet the Lord Advocate’s former role within the UK Parliament, accordingly the office of the Advocate General was created. Some of the functions of the Lord Advocate have transferred to this office, see The Transfer of Functions (Lord Advocate and Advocate General for Scotland) Order 1999 (S.I.1999 No.679).
  256. Scotland Act 1998, Schedule 6, Part I.
  257. Brown v Stott, Stott v Brown 2001 S.C.(P.C.) 43; 2001 S.L.T.59; 2001 S.C.C.R.62; R v HM Advocate 2002, S.C.C.R.697, Lord Coulsfield at para.25 and Lord Cameron of Lochbroom at para.10; Robb v HM Advocate 1999 J.C.223; 1999 S.C.C.R.971.
  258. See Robb v HM Advocate supra at 271; see also Mills v HM Advocate 2001 S.L.T.1359 at 1363, para.10; 2001 S.C.C.R.821 at 828, para.10; and Iain Jamieson, ‘The Relationship between the Scotland Act and Human Rights Act; Recent Developments’, S.L.T.2002 (News) 33.
  259. Brown v Stott, Stott v Brown 2001 S.C.(P.C.)43; 2001 S.L.T.59; 2001 S.C.C.R.62.
  260. Stott v Brown 2001 S.C.C.R.51 and Commentary by Sir G. H. Gordon at 107-109.
  261. Brown v Stott, Stott v Brown 2001 S.C.(P.C.) 43 at 70; 2001 S.L.T.59 at 76; 2001 S.C.C.R.62 at 90.
  262. R v HM Advocate 2002 S.C.C.R.697.
  263. Montgomery v HM Advocate 2001 S.C.(P.C.) 1; 2001 S.L.T.37; 2000 S.C.C.R.1044.
  264. Scotland Act 1998, Sched.6, Part II, Article 5 and Act of Adjournal (Criminal Procedure Rules) 1996, Chapter 40.
  265. See HM Advocate v Beggs (No.3) 2001 S.C.C.R.891.
  266. The 1995 Act, s.281(2).
  267. The 1995 Act, s.280.
  268. The 1995 Act, s.281(2).
  269. See The 1995 Act, ss.200, 203, 204 and 207.
  270. The 1995 Act, s.207.
  271. The 1995 Act, s.204(2).
  272. Criminal Justice (Scotland) Bill, Clause 20.
  273. Statutory time limit information was missing on 82 indictments listed in 2001.
  274. ibid

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